NETCONF is a protocol that was designed with programmability in mind. We recommend the Cisco CCNA Gold Bootcamp as your main CCNA training course. Point to Point Protocol over Ethernet, The Different Wide Area Network (WAN) Topologies, Cybersecurity Threats and Common Attacks Explained, The Different Types of Firewalls Explained, Firewalls, IDS, and IPS Explanation and Comparison, Cisco Cryptography: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Encryption, Cyber Threats Attack Mitigation and Prevention, Cisco Privilege Levels - Explanation and Configuration, What is AAA? candidate before applying to the running config) and also include error-handing such as stopping or rolling back if an message is generated by the server. When working with devices that support YANG data stores, a specific XML or JSON encoded message would be deemed valid or invalid based on YANG models. From a capabilities standpoint, NETCONF and RESTCONF are similar. This RESTCONF still goes via NETCONF, but using RESTCONF is much more user friendly than using NETCONF. A RESTCONF client can discover which datastores and YANG modules the server supports by reading the YANG library information from the operational state datastore. I believe the many network automation frameworks that currently run over SSH will continue to be the de facto for the unforeseen future, since SSH is the lowest common denominator when it comes connecting to a plethora of devices (old/new, different vendors, etc.). Unless noted otherwise, Only named ACLs are supported; numbered ACLs are not supported. The NETCONF protocol enables the device to expose an entire formal Application Programming Interface (API). There are many components to YANG and I personally find the entry barrier pretty high. Simply looking at the format, we can see why it is easy for both humans and machines to read. Rather it gives us a RESTful HTTP interface that we can use to query and configure devices with NETCONF configuration datastores. Access to most tools on the Cisco Support website requires a Cisco.com user ID and password. Along with the HTTP methods, it would also be good to familiarize yourself with HTTP status codes. RESTCONF (RFC 8040) provides a subset of NETCONF functionality implemented on top of HTTP/HTTPS. When you couple RESTCONF with a scripting language like Python (the first language we think you should learn), you can automate a wide variety of network administration tasks. 2. 2022 Cisco and/or its affiliates. After struggling through NETCONF, I was relieved to learn about RESTCONF. Their answer: X.509 certificates. A big part of that is providing data in a format that computers can read. Now that you have an idea of the different datastores that you can interact with, here are the different operations that can be performed (according to RFC 6241): As you can see, there are many different operations, and this list may grow as more RFC revisions come out. While the CLI and SNMP aren't things of the past just yet, automation is a big part of where networks are headed. Repos List of repos & subtrees in our database Add your repo to our database Submit your repo Free Downloads YumaPro SDK is a comprehensive suite of integrated tools for automating the development of distributed network management interfaces. I am currently looking at the content of the DevNet Associate certification; your perspective was helpful. What this means is that RESTCONF interactions are one-and-done. They have become an increasingly popular and safe way of distributing keys for mutual authentication and encryption for various applications. Great content and great writing. ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) Explained, How to Reset a Cisco Router or Switch to Factory Default, Network Troubleshooting Methodology and Techniques, Local Routes and How they Appear in the Routing Table, Floating Static Route - Explanation and Configuration, What is a Static Summary Route? The RESTCONF client model presented in this section supports both clients initiating connections to servers, as well as clients listening for connections from servers calling home. Being stateless brings up one of the big differences between NETCONF and RESTCONF: NETCONF is session-oriented and stateful, while RESTCONF is stateless. Conformance A RESTCONF server identifies that it supports NMDA both by supporting the <operational> datastore, as well as by supporting at least revision YANG_LIBRARY_REVISION of the "ietf-yang-library" module, as specified in [I-D.nmdsdt-netconf-rfc7895bis]. Clients that do not conform to the configured ACLs are not allowed to access the NETCONF or RESTCONF subsystems. . Here's how they overlap with the NETCONF operations: RESTCONF methods and corresponding NETCONF operations from section 4 of RFC8040. The 300-435 ENAUTOfocuses on enterprise-automated solutions like Python programming, APIs, and automation tools. Cisco Port Security Violation Modes Configuration, Port Address Translation (PAT) Configuration, IPv6 SLAAC - Stateless Address Autoconfiguration, IPv6 Routing - Static Routes Explained and Configured, IPv6 Default Static Route and Summary Route, Neighbor Discovery Protocol - NDP Overview. Theprotocol messagesare also in XML and themandatory transport protocolfor NETCONF is through the Secure Shell Transport Layer Protocol (SSH). As a result, it has become an important part of bringing automation to network infrastructure. Specifes an IPv6 access list and enters IPv6 access list configuration mode. To configure NETCONF in default VRF we can enable the ssh transport under management api netconf: management api netconf transport ssh test ip access-group ACCESS_GROUP. In . Furthermore the HTTP headers Content-Type and Accept are used (by the client) to instruct the server of the data type (i.e XML or JSON).. For further details on how the URI is constructed check out Cisco Live - DEVNET-1721 - Introduction to NETCONF, RESTCONF and YANG (2017 Las Vegas). SSH Port: 8181 NETCONF Port: 10000 RESTCONF Port : 9443 (HTTPS) Credentials: Username: root Password: D_Vay!_10& PS - It doesn't reply to ping. With the new Cisco certification paths, you'll need to pass two exams to become CCNP Enterprise-certified. Print. Specifies a standard IP access list and enters standard access-list configuration mode. RESTCONF, being a web protocol, is transported via TLS, i.e. While those are still viable options on many network devices, Cisco included, they aren't optimized for automation. subsequent releases of that software release train also support that feature. It's important to understand that RESTCONF is NOT a NETCONF replacement. (LogOut/ As you can see, the Operations of NETCONF is huge and I can go on about the different datastores and operations available. Overview 3. 2017-2022 Tail-f Systems. If you come up with any improvements for these demos, please, submit a pull request to the repository! WAN Connection Types - Explanation and Examples, Leased Line Definition, Explanation, and Example, Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Explained & Configured, What is PPPoE? NETCONF. RESTCONF runs over HTTPS (port 443) and provides the familiar HTTP methods when exchanging data: GET, POST, PATCH, PUT, DELETE. Before we look at the concentrations, we can see that Cisco is focusing on validating automation and programming skills. The programmatic interface complies with the RESTful style of the IT industry and provides users with the capability of efficiently developing web O&M tools. I like understanding the WHY and HOW of newer technologies/solutions and, ultimately, how they can help network engineers achieve business goals, because new and shiny doesnt solve problems. technical issues with Cisco products and technologies. If you want to specialize in automation and programmability, there is a CCNP concentration for that. The IETF has produced RFCs describing how to use X.509 certificates along with NETCONF over SSH, NETCONF over TLS, and RESTCONF over TLS. Netconf is also used in the internal IPC. Instead of SSH, RESTCONF relies on HTTP to interact with configuration data and operational state of the network device and encodes all exchanged data in either XML or JSON. REST APIs are ubiquitous now; every programming language has the ability to send and receive requests over HTTP (S) and to decode the XML/JSON responses. For example, the CiscoDevNet RESTCONF sample codeincludes a script that can help you automate VLAN provisioning on Cisco's IOS XE. I like to think of notifications as SNMP traps, but in a push instead of pull model. netconf-yang ssh {{ipv4 | ipv6 }access-list name access-list-name} | port port-number}. All Rights Reserved. recently introduced netconf yang support across the enterprise network portfolio this capability is available in the 16 3 xe code for routers and switches netconf yang allows RESTCONF follows REST principles including a client-server architecture, uniform interface, and being stateless. My goal is to provide easy-to-read and personal explanations for a variety of network technologies and topics. 2. There are plenty more element tags youll see when sifting through NETCONF-XML responses, but I wanted to highlight a few here. The human-readable plaintext helps us humans. In many cases, when you query a RESTful API using HTTP(S), the response will be in JSON format. A 97-page guide to every Cisco, Juniper, F5, and NetApp certification, and how they fit into your career. I say these are familiar because, being in the network automation journey, many of us are learning this new world of RESTful APIs, which use the same operations. Standard application programming interfaces (APIs) are available on network devices for the NMS to manage the devices using NETCONF. Traditionally, administrators have used protocols like SNMP for monitoring and a CLI to apply configurations. I think it will disappear due to the high barrier of entry, lack of major adoption, and the complexity of XML versus JSON. netconf netconf netconf You can either configure an IP access-list or an IPv6 access list for your NETCONF-YANG session. These three operations will be the most common operations youll see when using NETCONF for the first time, but I encourage you to explore the RFC for more options! . Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. deny {host-address | host-name | any} [wildcard]. YAML is a data serialization standard and has become a very common configuration file format. When I was first looking at network programmability, NETCONF was one of the first protocols I stumbled upon. According to RFC 8040: "RESTCONF is an HTTP-based protocol that provides a programmatic interface for accessing data defined in YANG, using the datastore concepts defined in NETCONF." Your first reaction might be that it sounds very similar to NETCONF. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, is permitted pursuant to, and subject to the license terms contained in, the Revised BSD License set forth in Section 4.c of the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info). Filters can be used to minimize the amount of data returned. I was googling the differences between NETCONF and RESTCONF and this was my first result, in the absence Twitter I had to leave a comment haha. CRESTCONFXML Yanggithub vendor YANGvendor RESTCONF /URL BGPURL API APIURL For example, an XML file may contain something like this: element is initiated from the server (network device) and sent out in response to an event occurring on the device. That's why Cisco uses them within their platforms and makes them a part of their certification paths. The new certification paths have been modernized to meet the demands of modern networks. The downside is that it can produce an extremely lengthy and messy configuration file when sending data to a network device vs. another data format like JSON. The RESTful interface provides a familiar model to a mature WEB development eco-system, which includes a large pool of experienced developers armed . The Messages and Operations are how NETCONF communicates and exchanges data with the network device. Like with the OSI model, understanding the different layers of NETCONF can help make it more intuitive. It utilizes Linux native SSH client and SSH server components, contains simple NETCONF and RESTCONF clients, SSH NETCONF subsystem and pre-built, extensible YANG Datastore Server with YANG & MIB modules for two Loadable Data Handler (LDH) extension samples, source code included. Valid content is defined by YANG. These status codes can be crucial when learning an API or troubleshooting errors. 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