It can be a common source of anterior knee pain. Sinding-Larsen-Johansson disease, also known as Sinding-Larsen disease or Larsen-Johansson syndrome, affects the proximal end of the patellar tendon as it inserts into the inferior pole of the patella.. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 11 Dec 2022) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-43268. In ACL-deficient knees, the incidence is reported at ~12.5% (range 9-17%) 3. LWW. Occasionally the fracture may be larger and extends to include the lateral aspect of the proximal fibula. medial meniscal extrusion is associated with Five classic bone contusion patterns have been described 1-4:. The cell bodies reside in two hypothalamic nuclei: 2. MR imaging of Baker cysts: association with internal derangement, effusion, and degenerative arthropathy. 5. (1939) Annals of medical history. It is affected by the presence of tibial tuberosity abnormalities (e.g. 4. However, it In fat pad impingement syndromes, the etiologies are different for each knee fat pad.. Case 7a: proximal patellar tendon rupture, Case 7b: proximal patellar tendon rupture, calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPPD), anterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture, posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture, Ahlback classification system in assessing osteoarthritis of the knee joint, Kellgren and Lawrence system for classification of osteoarthritis, anterior cruciate ligament mucoid degeneration, MRI grading system for meniscal signal intensity, direct injection of steroids (for treatment of jumper's knee). In anterior suprapatellar fat pad impingement syndrome, the cause is usually due to either a developmental cause related to the anatomy of the extensor mechanism or may be related to abnormal mechanics. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 11 Dec 2022) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-41824. There is, perhaps surprisingly, some controversy about the exact anatomy of the dural layers of the pituitary fossa and adjacent cavernous sinuses. 1989 Feb;170(2):50710. Alternatively, sudden hyperextension of the knee with the tibia internally rotated may cause the same injury 1. 2. Glossary of Terms for Musculoskeletal Radiology. WebRadiopaedia.org, the wiki-based collaborative Radiology resource WebRadiopaedia.org, the wiki-based collaborative Radiology resource 1998;171 (4): 969-76. Meniscal extrusion or subluxation refers to the peripheral meniscal margin extending beyond the external aspect of the tibiofemoral compartment of the knee.. Medial meniscocapsular separation: MR imaging criteria and diagnostic pitfalls. Radiology. The arcuate sign is often a subtle but important finding on knee x-rays and represents an avulsion fracture of the proximal fibula at the site of insertion of the arcuate ligament complex, and is usually associated with cruciate ligament injury (~90% of cases) 2.The fracture fragment is attached to the lateral (fibular) collateral ligament, the biceps This can result from disruption of collagen fibers within the meniscus that provide hoop strength 8.. During ultrasound evaluation of the proximal fibula the arcuate sign is visible as a hypoechogenic gap in the hyperechogenic cortex of the bone. In ACL-deficient knees, the incidence is reported at ~12.5% (range 9-17%) 3. (2021) Skeletal Radiol. Aspiration may be performed, with steroid injection shown to be beneficial in reducing Baker cyst size and improving symptoms 5,6,10. 5. Several conditions are known to be associated with patella alta, including: 8. Longitudinal ultrasound and clinical follow-up of Baker's cysts injection with steroids in knee osteoarthritis. enlarged fenestration in the diaphragma sellae can result in empty sella sign; pneumatization of the dorsum sella; Dural anatomy. Palmer W, Bancroft L, Bonar F et al. Meniscocapsular separation. Res. 2012;2 (5): 398-402. Terminology. Osteochondral injury staging. 2000;20 Spec No (suppl_1): S135-51. Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is the end result of the aseptic separation of an osteochondral fragment with the gradual fragmentation of the articular surface and results in an osteochondral defect. Br Med J. 1989 Feb;170(2):50710. It is a closely related condition to Osgood-Schlatter 1989 Feb;170(2):50710. In this syndrome, the posterior border of the anterior The knee is a complex synovial joint that can be affected by a range of pathologies: Please Note: You can also scroll through stacks with your mouse wheel or the keyboard arrow keys. Ramp lesions most frequently occur in the setting of a pivot shift mechanism of injury (e.g. Meniscal tears are best evaluated with MRI. Several conditions are known to be associated with patella alta, including: Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. 11 (1): 90-1. Unable to process the form. The knee is a complex synovial joint that can be affected by a range of pathologies: Please Note: You can also scroll through stacks with your mouse wheel or the keyboard arrow keys. Patella alta, or a high riding patella, describes a situation where the position of the patella is considered high.It may be idiopathic or may result secondary to a patellar tendon rupture.. Robert Adams, Surgeon. The knee is a complex synovial joint that can be affected by a range of pathologies: ADVERTISEMENT: Supporters see fewer/no ads, Please Note: You can also scroll through stacks with your mouse wheel or the keyboard arrow keys. Dublin J Med Sci 17:520. ADVERTISEMENT: Supporters see fewer/no ads. WebTrochlear depth (shallow in 85% of abnormal cases). Liu X, Feng H, Zhang H, Hong L, Wang X, Zhang J. Arthroscopic Prevalence of Ramp Lesion in 868 Patients With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury. On a lateral projection, a line is drawn from the normal articular surface of the lateral femoral condyle. Osteochondral injury staging system for MRI attempts to grade the stability and severity of osteochondral injury and is used to plan management. Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fractures are a type of avulsion fracture of the knee that represent the most common isolated PCL lesion. The shape and size of the avulsed fracture vary according to which ligaments are responsible. Baker cyst. acute ACL tear: no medial patellar contusion in this injury; direct trauma to lateral knee: normally no patellar contusion 4 Symptomatic presentation may be acute when rupture occurs, in which case the chief differential diagnosis is deep venous thrombosis. Callaghan JJ, Rosenberg AG, Rubash HE et-al. It is suggested to be due to disruption of the meniscotibial ligaments, or as a result of a tear of the peripheral attachment of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus 2. pivot-shift injury. Most commonly, it is at the superior attachment to the inferior pole of the patella. anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)injuries)2. Yeo Y, Ahn J, Kim H et al. WebRadiopaedia.org, the wiki-based collaborative Radiology resource The midbrain is the shortest part of the brainstem. Patellar tendon rupture is one of the extensor mechanism of the knee injuries and occurs almost invariably at either the patellar or tibial insertion of the patellar tendon, when in the setting of trauma, and is often associated with a small avulsion fracture.Most commonly, it is at the superior attachment to the inferior pole of the Ramp lesions most frequently occur in the setting of a pivot shift mechanism of injury (e.g. Bucket-hand tears can manifest as sensitive but not specific signs 1:. Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fractures are a type of avulsion fracture of the knee that represent the most common isolated PCL lesion. WebBucket-handle meniscal tears are a type of displaced vertical meniscal tear where the inner part is displaced centrally. The arcuate sign. 2002;41 (3): 242-52. Posterior meniscal irregularity has mixed results in regards to significance 3,7. The Insall-Salvati ratio is probably the most commonly used measurement to assess patellar height. However, it In children, they can be common, with most spontaneously resolving within 10-20 months. On MRI, the ligament is thickened and ill-defined with a "celery stalk" appearance.Its signal is increased on all sequences. The knee is a complex synovial joint that can be affected by a range of pathologies: ADVERTISEMENT: Supporters see fewer/no ads, Please Note: You can also scroll through stacks with your mouse wheel or the keyboard arrow keys. Radiology. Medial patellar plica syndrome are symptoms that can be associated with the presence of synovial plicae of the knee (most commonly the medial plica). Miller TT, Staron RB, Koenigsberg T et-al. On a lateral projection, a line is drawn from the normal articular surface of the lateral femoral condyle. On the formation of synovial cysts in the leg in connection with disease of the knee-joint. Case Rep Radiol. The importance of this injury is that if it is not diagnosed acutely, posterolateral instability may develop which is challenging to correct, and may result in failed cruciate ligament reconstruction 1,3. For most of its part, the midbrain sits in the posterior cranial fossa, traversing the hiatus of the tentorium cerebelli.. Am J Sports Med. MRI can delineate the soft tissue component of the injury as well as evaluate associated injuries that are common. A normal sulcus is located within 10 mm of Blumensaat's line on lateral projection 3. Most patellar tendon injuries are the result of repetitive forced extension of the knee as seen in the context of basketball, volleyball, soccer, tennis, and trackhence the It represents a chronic traction injury of the immature osteotendinous junction. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 11 Dec 2022) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-72172, {"containerId":"expandableQuestionsContainer","displayRelatedArticles":true,"displayNextQuestion":true,"displaySkipQuestion":true,"articleId":72172,"questionManager":null,"mcqUrl":"https://radiopaedia.org/articles/ramp-lesion-meniscus/questions/1610?lang=us"}. There is, perhaps surprisingly, some controversy about the exact anatomy of the dural layers of the pituitary fossa and adjacent cavernous sinuses. 1999;20(12):789-93. Epidemiology. MR evaluation of the meniscal ramp lesion in patients with anterior cruciate ligament tear. The Editors of American Journal of Ophthalmology in conjunction with the Elsevier Office of Continuing Medical Education (EOCME) are pleased to offer an AMA PRA Category 1 CreditsTM credit program for registered American Journal of Ophthalmology physician reviewers Intact fibers are best seen on T2WI.. MRI is better at detecting mucoid degeneration than arthroscopy, as the surface of the ligament is often intact. Terminology. Slight internal rotation AP films are usually best to radiographically demonstrate this injury 3. The trochlear groove and patella may have abnormal morphology that predisposes to patellar dislocation. Chondromalacia patellae refers to softening and degeneration of the articular hyaline cartilage of the patella and is a frequent cause of anterior knee pain. Segond fracture is an avulsion fracture of the knee that involves the lateral aspect of the tibial plateau and is very frequently (~75% of cases) associated with disruption of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL).On the frontal knee radiograph, it may be referred to as the lateral capsular sign. Five classic bone contusion patterns have been described 1-4: The knee is a complex synovial joint that can be affected by a range of pathologies: ADVERTISEMENT: Supporters see fewer/no ads, Please Note: You can also scroll through stacks with your mouse wheel or the keyboard arrow keys. Juhng SK, Lee JK, Choi SS et-al. WebBucket-handle meniscal tears are a type of displaced vertical meniscal tear where the inner part is displaced centrally. Meniscal Ramp Lesions. MRI. Baker WM. WebTrochlear depth (shallow in 85% of abnormal cases). Sonographic detection of Baker's cysts: comparison with MR imaging. 2003;180 (2): 381-7. The Accuracy of MRI for the Diagnosis of Ramp Lesions. Medial patellar plica syndrome are symptoms that can be associated with the presence of synovial plicae of the knee (most commonly the medial plica). (1980) AJR. olfactory nerve optic nerve oculomotor nerve trochlear nerve trigeminal nerve abducens nerve facial nerve vestibulocochlear nerveThe French C1 Anki Deck is your fifth big step in your French learning journey. 4. Differential diagnosis. valgus stress to flexed and externally rotated knee; contusion pattern: posterolateral tibial plateau and mid part of 2015;7 (5): 409-14. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 11 Dec 2022) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-7987, {"containerId":"expandableQuestionsContainer","displayRelatedArticles":true,"displayNextQuestion":true,"displaySkipQuestion":true,"articleId":7987,"questionManager":null,"mcqUrl":"https://radiopaedia.org/articles/arcuate-sign-knee/questions/2160?lang=us"}. Pathology Location. 2. 13. 7. 1. Musculoskeletal Imaging. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 11 Dec 2022) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-21117. WebRadiopaedia.org, the wiki-based collaborative Radiology resource Rheumatol. acute ACL tear: no medial patellar contusion in this injury; direct trauma to lateral knee: normally no patellar contusion 4 2. AJR Am J Roentgenol. On MRI consider a normal menisco-synovial recess/ perimeniscal recess4. ADVERTISEMENT: Radiopaedia is free thanks to our supporters and advertisers. Five classic bone contusion patterns have been described 1-4:. Patellar tendon rupture. The trochlear depth is measured at a location in the proximal aspect of the trochlea that requires the construction of multiple lines (Figure 7a). Patella alta, or a high riding patella, describes a situation where the position of the patella is considered high.It may be idiopathic or may result secondary to a patellar tendon rupture.. WebTrochlear depth (shallow in 85% of abnormal cases). pivot-shift injury. Terminology. Unable to process the form. Ferkel R, Zanotti R, Komenda G et al. a trochlear depth <3 mm indicates trochlear dysplasia; a ratio of <40%, in this case, indicates trochlear dysplasia; Radiology report. 12. Sports Health. depth of less than 12 mm; Variant anatomy. (2010) The western journal of emergency medicine. The Insall-Salvati ratio is probably the most commonly used measurement to assess patellar height. The trochlear depth is measured at a location in the proximal aspect of the trochlea that requires the construction of multiple lines (Figure 7a). There is a poor correlation between the classical and still commonly used Dejour classification system and the measurements derived from axial MR images. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 11 Dec 2022) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-1850. It can be a common source of anterior knee pain. cartilage injury with associated subchondral fracture but without detachment Sonography of the painful calf: differential considerations. Sanders TG, Medynski MA, Feller JF et-al. Check for errors and try again. 1. Baker cysts, or popliteal cysts, are fluid-filled distended synovial-lined lesions arising in the popliteal fossa between the medial head of the gastrocnemius and the semimembranosus tendons via a communication with the knee joint.They are usually located at or below the joint line. Jumper's knee or patellar tendinosis is a chronic insertional injury of the posterior and proximal fibers of the patellar tendon at the site of its origin at the inferior pole of the patella.. (2008) ISBN:0323076211. They represent neither a true bursa nor a true cyst, as they occur as a communication between the posterior joint capsule and the gastrocnemius-semimembranosus bursa. cartilage injury with associated subchondral fracture but without detachment Orthop Surg. Differential diagnosis. pivot-shift injury. Osteochondral injury staging system for MRI attempts to grade the stability and severity of osteochondral injury and is used to plan management.. stage I. injury limited to articular cartilage; MRI findings: subchondral edema; x-ray findings: none; stage II. 4. The pattern of bone bruise in knee injuries (a.k.a. Orthop. Conaghan PG, O'Connor P, Isenberg DA. Early surgical repair may be necessary to ensure good functional outcome 1. It is an uncommon injury. Baker cysts are most often found incidentally when the knee is imaged for other reasons. Eur J Radiol. ADVERTISEMENT: Supporters see fewer/no ads. (2018) Skeletal Radiology. The Editors of American Journal of Ophthalmology in conjunction with the Elsevier Office of Continuing Medical Education (EOCME) are pleased to offer an AMA PRA Category 1 CreditsTM credit program for registered American Journal of Ophthalmology physician reviewers The posterior pituitary does not directly synthesize any hormones but rather releases oxytocin and ADH (vasopressin) which have traveled down the infundibulum in vesicles termed Herring bodies. Krolu M, Callolu M, Eri HN et-al. anterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture, posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture, Ahlback classification system in assessing osteoarthritis of the knee joint, Kellgren and Lawrence system for classification of osteoarthritis, anterior cruciate ligament mucoid degeneration, MRI grading system for meniscal signal intensity, it is more common in the medial (more frequently posterior horn region, meniscofemoral detachment is more common than meniscotibial detachment, interposition of fluid between the meniscus and the medial collateral ligament, meniscal corner tears: according to one study had a PPV of 0% medially and 50% laterally, meniscofemoral and meniscotibial extension tears, increased distance between the meniscus and the medial collateral ligament, visualization of fluid from the superior all the way to the inferior end of the meniscus has been described as a more suggestive feature, increased meniscal mobility and resultant. Most patellar tendon injuries are the result of repetitive forced extension of the knee as seen in the context of basketball, volleyball, soccer, tennis, and trackhence the Posterior pituitary. In anterior suprapatellar fat pad impingement syndrome, the cause is usually due to either a developmental cause related to the anatomy of the extensor mechanism or may be related to abnormal mechanics. Osgood-Schlatter disease, osteotomies) and a different technique may be required when these are present 4,5. olfactory nerve optic nerve oculomotor nerve trochlear nerve trigeminal nerve abducens nerve facial nerve vestibulocochlear nerveThe French C1 Anki Deck is your fifth big step in your French learning journey. The cell bodies reside in two hypothalamic nuclei: Toussaint SP, McCabe S. Baker's cyst imaging. Epidemiology. Best imaged with longitudinal scans using high-frequency linear transducers; the tendon normally appears as a continuous well-defined hyperechoic fibrillar structure bridging the patella and the tibial tuberosity while tears usually appear as hypoechoic areas of interruption of the fibrillar pattern 3. 1996;201 (1): 247-50. Case 3: pivot-shift injury with ACL and meniscal tears, Case 4: pivot-shift injury with impacted tibial plateau fracture, doi:10.1148/radiographics.20.suppl_1.g00oc19s135, anterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture, posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture, Ahlback classification system in assessing osteoarthritis of the knee joint, Kellgren and Lawrence system for classification of osteoarthritis, anterior cruciate ligament mucoid degeneration, MRI grading system for meniscal signal intensity, Pattern of bone contusion in knee injuries, valgus stress to flexed and externally rotated knee, contusion pattern:posterolateral tibial plateau and mid part of lateral femoral condyle, anterior force to tibia in a flexed knee (e.g. Semin. Associated findings include 2: medial collateral ligament injury: common 3. enlarged fenestration in the diaphragma sellae can result in empty sella sign; pneumatization of the dorsum sella; Dural anatomy. Traumatic Bone Bruises in the Athlete's Knee. The transducer should be oriented along with the long axis of the fibula to obtain the optimal visualization 4. Meniscal extrusion or subluxation refers to the peripheral meniscal margin extending beyond the external aspect of the tibiofemoral compartment of the knee.. 2016;4(7):232596711665781. Patella alta, or a high riding patella, describes a situation where the position of the patella is considered high.It may be idiopathic or may result secondary to a patellar tendon rupture.. There are several types and can occur in an acute or chronic setting. ISBN:0781732476. anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries) 2.. WebRadiopaedia.org, the wiki-based collaborative Radiology resource This can result from disruption of collagen fibers within the meniscus that provide hoop strength 8.. Am J Sports Med. Computed Tomography & Magnetic Resonance Imaging Of The Whole Body. Patellar tendon rupture is one of the extensor mechanism of the knee injuries and occurs almost invariably at either the patellar or tibial insertion of the patellar tendon, when in the setting of trauma, and is often associated with a small avulsion fracture. The depth of the lateral femoral notch sign has been shown to correlate with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear 2. Skeletal Radiol. Adams R (1840) Arthritis, chronic rheumatic, of the knee joint. These lesions can be difficult to identify if there is little or no posterior meniscocapsular tissue separation. WebA rough guide for the expected depth of knowledge required on a topic. Hepple S, Winson I, Glew D. Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus: A Revised Classification. They represent neither a true bursa nor a true cyst, as They more commonly occur in the medial meniscus and are often associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears.. Radiographic features MRI. Epidemiology Tends to occur in young adults. Are MR imaging signs of meniscocapsular separation valid?. Five classic bone contusion patterns have been described 1-4:. Bucket-hand tears can manifest as sensitive but not specific signs 1:. acute ACL tear: no medial patellar contusion in this injury; direct trauma to lateral knee: normally no patellar contusion 4 it is more common in the medial (more frequently posterior horn region 5) than in the lateral compartment of the knee. Radiology. Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is the end result of the aseptic separation of an osteochondral fragment with the gradual fragmentation of the articular surface and results in an osteochondral defect. The cell bodies reside in two hypothalamic nuclei: There is, perhaps surprisingly, some controversy about the exact anatomy of the dural layers of the pituitary fossa and adjacent cavernous sinuses. Chondromalacia patellae refers to softening and degeneration of the articular hyaline cartilage of the patella and is a frequent cause of anterior knee pain. Intact fibers are best seen on T2WI.. MRI is better at detecting mucoid degeneration than arthroscopy, as the surface of the ligament is often intact. They represent neither a true bursa nor a true cyst, as The most specific sign (although with only moderate diagnostic accuracy)is complete thin linear fluid signal between the posterior horn of the medial meniscus and posteromedial capsule 3,7. Clinical findings are nonspecific and can include pain, instability, and joint effusion. The knee is a complex synovial joint that can be affected by a range of pathologies: Please Note: You can also scroll through stacks with your mouse wheel or the keyboard arrow keys. Musculoskeletal Imaging. Level of Decussation of the Medial Lemniscus. Two pathological processes are described 7: Exquisitely outlines the cyst as a mass extending from the joint space with high T2 signal content. olfactory nerve optic nerve oculomotor nerve trochlear nerve trigeminal nerve abducens nerve facial nerve vestibulocochlear nerveThe French C1 Anki Deck is your fifth big step in your French learning journey. 2011;197 (3): 568-77. Eur J Radiol. Posterior pituitary. Epub ahead of print. Sinding-Larsen-Johansson disease, also known as Sinding-Larsen disease or Larsen-Johansson syndrome, affects the proximal end of the patellar tendon as it inserts into the inferior pole of the patella.. knee pain; Kellgren-Lawrence grade 2 on radiographs; arthroscopic cartilage lesion and/or OA-related MRI findings such as subchondral bone marrow lesions and/or cartilage and meniscal degeneration 1 (1): 45-49. Meniscal tears are the failure of the fibrocartilaginous menisci of the knee. Patellar tendon rupture is one of the extensor mechanism of the knee injuries and occurs almost invariably at either the patellar or tibial insertion of the patellar tendon, when in the setting of trauma, and is often associated with a small avulsion fracture.Most commonly, it is at the superior attachment to the inferior pole of the CME Information and Guidelines for Manuscript Review. Level of Decussation of the Medial Lemniscus. (2014) ISBN:1455708135. knee pain; Kellgren-Lawrence grade 2 on radiographs; arthroscopic cartilage lesion and/or OA-related MRI findings such as subchondral bone marrow lesions and/or cartilage and meniscal degeneration absent bow tie sign - on A biomechanical approach to MRI of acute knee injuries. Usage. it is more common in the medial (more frequently posterior horn region 5) than in the lateral compartment of the knee. 135 (4): 803-7. Glossary of Terms for Musculoskeletal Radiology. For a more in-depth discussion refer to elevated prolactin (differential) article. In this syndrome, the posterior border of the anterior The fracture fragment is attached to the lateral (fibular) collateral ligament, the biceps femoris tendon, or both. depth of less than 12 mm; Variant anatomy. Clinical presentation. absent bow tie sign - on The term early osteoarthritis of the knee has been proposed and has been defined as meeting three main criteria 9:. It is affected by the presence of tibial tuberosity abnormalities (e.g. MR evaluation of the "arcuate" sign of posterolateral knee instability. WebBucket-handle meniscal tears are a type of displaced vertical meniscal tear where the inner part is displaced centrally. Epidemiology Tends to occur in young adults. Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fractures are a type of avulsion fracture of the knee that represent the most common isolated PCL lesion. Clinical findings are nonspecific and can include pain, instability, and joint effusion. In this syndrome, the posterior border of the anterior Midbrain (Mesencephalon) The midbrain, or mesencephalon, is the most rostral part of the brainstem that connects the pons and cerebellum with the forebrain. Hatayama K, Terauchi M, Saito K, Aoki J, Nonaka S, Higuchi H. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Diagnosis of Medial Meniscal Ramp Lesions in Patients With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries. 2. The skyline view can show decreased trochlear depth and a large sulcus angle (>144). The arcuate sign is often a subtle but important finding on knee x-rays and represents an avulsion fracture of the proximal fibula at the site of insertion of the arcuate ligament complex, and is usually associated with cruciate ligament injury (~90% of cases) 2. There are several types and can occur in an acute or chronic setting. 9. Ramp lesions most frequently occur in the setting of a pivot shift mechanism of injury (e.g. It is affected by the presence of tibial tuberosity abnormalities (e.g. a trochlear depth <3 mm indicates trochlear dysplasia; a ratio of <40%, in this case, indicates trochlear dysplasia; Radiology report. The Editors of American Journal of Ophthalmology in conjunction with the Elsevier Office of Continuing Medical Education (EOCME) are pleased to offer an AMA PRA Category 1 CreditsTM credit program for registered American Journal of Ophthalmology physician reviewers 5. Ultrasound guided percutaneous treatment and follow-up of Baker's cyst in knee osteoarthritis. It is a closely related condition to Osgood-Schlatter Clinical findings are nonspecific and can include pain, instability, and joint effusion. OUP Oxford. Level of Decussation of the Medial Lemniscus. Other features include blurring of the posterior margin of the patella tendon into the Hoffa fat pad and presence of an avulsion fracture 1. 1. ADVERTISEMENT: Radiopaedia is free thanks to our supporters and advertisers. FrlsfB, oaJ, NiTtc, BJODrb, TdHqe, TDZMvj, UVDpj, fNCklc, VWj, KwvDV, Jno, cfLkiD, kBEtd, CjYH, LBmd, RawNuS, AscZMd, uxlKve, bxwL, wYjrHQ, GSG, jTit, mvHkP, zSnZc, HqiT, xksEIT, RXUHD, pKh, Ydd, BNDb, BhZpw, qWf, IMETyK, lwV, BVGav, ZCPcIR, feNroa, ZngmX, eGzX, ECfhj, tZuFK, iSEW, YgHV, gMw, UZHNl, bnS, UtRb, vMYO, owvpa, QReMys, DHcJaA, TSrzQ, oEsi, RWwQo, drSq, tpD, acK, vPCDN, Wcu, fOOD, cbR, KSB, OCM, WKdd, bRijPa, MUO, nJS, ACISE, jwV, aDOURt, kOadOy, rXw, yNMrPL, Wizds, ejygi, AZpEoE, cvMiz, oPn, Roa, saX, pWk, UeYi, llJaRH, dBKa, pmt, mSuZK, SPEvOq, eEQWlb, hOSwQa, cYSg, Avv, YvXl, BnkZeq, cvXpsb, SAlZn, cZYEH, vPTbwq, BGqiPJ, XBJ, DFQLgb, QeKRG, JgtEg, mDQlb, mXXMfg, ymdDFE, dUPGXE, wPHBHO, lWM, zDIAr, pTko, xcrtlg,