Heat loss is the transfer of heat from thermal fluids to the surrounding rocks, water, and air. Figure 2. Renewable energy: types, sources and benefits. B. Jerez, I. Garces, R. Torres. Research factors and hypotheses (excluding some hypotheses). Access provided by National Technical University of Athens, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12123, School of Economics and Management, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing, 102249, China. U.S. DOE, Argonne National Laboratory (2010) Life Cycle Analysis Results of Geothermal Systems in Comparison to Other Power Systems. 06890795 registered in England and Wales, VAT No. Wed love to chat with you and share ideas and thoughts. In the process of heat exchange between water and rocks, water is prone to chemically react with rocks, and the substances generated after the reaction are easy to corrode and block pipes, heat exchangers, and other devices, which not only lowers the efficiency of mining and utilization, but also increases the cost of mining. You can read about our cookies and privacy settings in detail on our Privacy Policy Page. In addition, dry hot rock can solve the energy shortage and realize green and sustainable development. November 28, Compared with countries such as the U.S. and the U.K., which have mature technologies and methods, China is late in developing dry hot rocks and is in its infancy in all aspects. What is green energy, and where does it come from? Heat transfer mechanisms within the Earth, along with the% amount of heat flow in each layer.[7]. The technical factors of effective utilization include the construction of underground heat storage reservoir, dry hot rock dynamic supervision system, power generation grid connection and tailing water recharge technology. SPSS software was used for analysis, and the calculated results showed that Cronbach reliability coefficient was 0.829. Multi-objective programming for energy system based on the decomposition of carbon emission driving forces: a case study of Guangdong, China. This study helps to fill the gap in the field of research related to dry hot rock development. Experimental study of thermal fracturing of Hot Dry Rock irradiated by moving laser beam: temperature, efficiency and porosity. What Is The Cost Of A Ground Source Heat Pump? Published by Elsevier Ltd. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. Development program of hot dry rock geothermal resources in the Yangbajing Basin of China. Global temperatures are rising as fossil fuel use increases, and the most immediate solution is to use renewable energy [. The U.S., Indonesia, Philippines, Turkey, New Zealand, and Mexico had 75% of global installed geothermal power capacity in 2021. A total of 1067 questionnaires were sent out, and 235 were effectively received with a recovery rate of 22.02%. There are numerous historical and current investments that converge on lithium extraction solutions. U.S. Geological Survey. Authors assessed the model fit using other common fit indices: GFI, AGFI, RMSEA, NFI and so on. So how do you calculate the wattage of a geothermal heat pump? Geothermal energy, however, presents a solutionquite literally. We are a mandatory FIT & SEG licensee, more ways to move away from fossil fuels and carbon. The first time geothermal heat was used to produce electricity was in Larderello, Italy, in 19041. Usually, the trenches are dug by your home, but if you have a big area of land neighbouring your house, then its possible to go slightly farther afield, to seek out a patch thats better suited. The answer to this is quite simple. This form of heating is said to account for 50% of the Earth's heat, with the other heat coming from the primordial heat of the Earth (heat from the Earth's formation that has been trapped in the planet).[5]. It all starts with a geothermal power plant, where the power is harnessed and converted into electricity. China is still at a low level in exploration and development, especially in the western areas where unexplored areas existed. EN3 I believe that the use of hydraulic fracturing in hot, dry rock development will cause significant seismic problems in areas associated with hot, dry rock development. As noted in a companion report authored by Ian Warren at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, a suite of lithium extraction technologies is near commercial-scale demonstration. Due to their efficiency, they use less electricity than conventional furnaces and air heat pumps. U.S. DOE (2016) DOE Investing $11.5 Million to Advance Geologic Carbon Storage and Geothermal Exploration.. Cronbach's reliability coefficient evaluation table. It indicates heat owing from the Earths warm interior to its surface. We use cookies to let us know when you visit our websites, how you interact with us, to enrich your user experience, and to customize your relationship with our website. Binary plants they draw hot water from underground and pass it through a secondary fluid with a lower boiling point than water. In addition, it is also a demonstration of China's determination to reduce emissions. Greenhouse gas emissions greenhouse gases are released in the process albeit at a much lower rate than those released through burning fossil fuels. And to select the size, you have to calculate the required Btu. There are two main types of geothermal heating systems: Installing a ground source heat pump typically costs between 11,000 and 15,0009. Overall, our model exhibited a reasonable fit with the data collected. Nuclear energy: how does it work, and how renewable is it? Zhengwei Ma: Conceived and designed the experiments; Performed the experiments; Contributed reagents, materials, analysis tools or data; Wrote the paper. Over the next several years, geothermal operators in the Salton Sea area are expected to demonstrate these techniques in an effort to achieve economic viability. The high pressure and temperature in the Earths core cause rocks to melt and the mantle to act practically. China's rapid urbanization and rising demand for clean heating in northern regions have led to an increasing demand for clean energy. John L. Featherstone geothermal power plant image courtesy of Energy Source. In 2016, there were 3,812 MW of geothermal electricity plants in operation in the U.S.the most of any countryand development has been growing at a rate of 2% per year. Image, Download Hi-res Hitzman, M., et al. Climate change is a global issue. (2018) Estimated use of water in the United States in 2015. U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1441. The Earth gets hotter as one travels towards the core, known as the geothermal gradient. The key challenge now is to develop the science of extracting lithium from geothermal brines in a cost-competitive and environmentally friendly manner.. B. Bustos-Gallardo, M. Prieto, G. Bridge. This is the easy part. We may request cookies to be set on your device. And while this isnt water, GHPs are still more effective at removing heat than AHPs. Evaporation ponds dot the Atacama Desert landscape in northern Chilealthough rich in lithium deposits, the extraction process requires constructing myriad surface basins across vast square footage. Heat Loss. Structural equation model (SEM) is an important tool for multivariate data analysis. The size of your heat pump also determines how much electricity it uses. It seems that you want to study something related with a geothermal heat pump. An airconditioning unit of the same size would use roughly 7kWh. But this will always prompt you to accept/refuse cookies when revisiting our site. According to the different carriers, it can be divided into paper questionnaire and network questionnaire. Earth and Planetary Science Letters (Elsevier) 195 (12): 9198. In 2019, the U.S. generated the most geothermal electricity in the world: more than 18,300 GWh. Global geothermal industry status and technology development trend. Geothermal energy is a substitute for fossil energy used for heating Geothermal "ignite" green future: development and utilization of Geothermal resources in Europe and its enlightenment. To convert ourSEERto theEER, you can use this equation: EER = -0.02 x 30 + 1.12 x 30 EER = (-0.02 x 30) + (1.12 x 30)= -18 + 33.6= 15.6. With any geothermal heat pump you have a heat source and a cold sink. The influence of environment, market and exploration and development technology on the development of dry hot rock is significant, the influence degree of environment is 0.849, the influence degree of market and exploration and development technology is 0.734 and 0.474, respectively. U.S. DOE, EERE (2018) Geothermal Power Plants - Meeting Clean Air Standards. Second, high pressure and low-temperature water are injected from a closed wellhead. Resource factors include reserves, distribution, renewable and development stability. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (2006) The Future of Geothermal Energy: Impact of Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) on the United States in the 21st Century. In order to reduce emissions effectively, clean energy must be used to replace the traditional fossil energy. To determine your geothermal heat pump electrical usage, we need to define two factors. Both hydraulic fracturing and the construction of heat storage reservoirs require large amounts of water. Geothermal energy is a substitute for fossil energy used for heating in the north of China. R3 I think the reproducibility of hot and dry rocks is an important reason for the large-scale development of hot and dry rocks in China. With the increase of temperature, the mechanical properties of dry hot rocks deteriorate, and the long compression end of rocks brings many difficulties to reservoir modification technology [. So, what does a geothermal heat pumps electricity usage go towards? U3I believe that the construction of China's dynamic supervision system for dry hot rock (real-time supervision and full utilization of resources) is an important factor affecting the effective utilization of dry hot rock. EGS creates a subsurface fracture system to increase the permeability of rock and allow for the injection of a heat transfer fluid (typically water). This process is continuous and it never stops, this is why geothermal energy is a renewable energy source. VTO has also established the ReCell Lithium Battery Recycling R&D Center, which is focused on developing innovative, efficient recycling technologies to cost-effectively recover critical battery materials and reintroduce them into the materials supply chain. In order to combat climate change, China proposed a dual carbon target in 2020, namely reaching carbon peak by 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality by 2060 (China's 2030 and 2060 targets) [. In summary, resources, environment, market, exploration and development technology, and effective use of technology are all influencing factors in the process of dry hot rock development and utilization in China. Changes will take effect once you reload the page. Most of the information on geothermal heat pumps refers to Btu production. Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) is a technology under development that could expand the use of geothermal resources to new geographic areas. No additional information is available for this paper. If youve been looking into alternative energy, you may have heard of geothermal energy. Its low carbon it doesnt burn any fossil fuels, like oil, coal or gas. EN1 I believe that the heavy use of water resources in the development of dry hot rocks will inhibit the development of dry hot rocks in China. Get a quote in 2 minutes. Otherwise you will be prompted again when opening a new browser window or new a tab. Why Do Geothermal Heat Pumps Use Such Little Electricity? Investigation of heat extraction with flowing CO2 from hot dry rock by numerical study. Aggressive driving habits can lower fuel efficiency by 10% to 40%, and speeds over 50 mph significantly lower gas mileage. From hot rock to useful energy: a global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential. Deformation and instability failure of borehole at high temperature and high pressure in Hot Dry Rock exploitation. and research institutions (Chinese Academy of Sciences, etc.). Center for Sustainable Systems, University of Michigan. Impact of safety attitude, safety knowledge and safety leadership on chemical industry workers risk perception based on Structural Equation Modelling and System Dynamics. In addition, some contributions are made to other researchers studying on dry hot rocks. You need this rating to determine the efficiency of your geothermal heat pump. Dry hot rock exploitation can be divided into the following processes: First, a water injection well is drilled into the dry hot rock from the surface. Investigation on fracture creation in hot dry rock geothermal formations of China during hydraulic fracturing. Phase one of the competition is underway with phase two set to begin later this year; winning teams are expected to be announced by early 2023. U.S. DOE, EERE, Geothermal Research and Development Programs., U.S. EPA (2021) State Renewable Energy Resources., U.S. DOE, NREL (2015) Renewable Electricity: How do you know you are using it?, DSIRE (2021) Federal Tax Credits for Residential Renewable Energy., U.S. EPA (2018) Utility Green Power Products., U.S. EPA (2022) Green Power Partnership: National Top 100.. Wind energy: how it works, and its advantages and disadvantages, http://www.bbc.co.uk/earth/story/20150814-what-is-at-the-centre-of-earth, https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-is-the-earths-core-so/, http://europeangeothermalcongress.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/291.pdf, https://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/screening_tool_developed_seismic_risks_geothermal_energy_projects_490na4_en.pdf, https://www.renewableenergyhub.co.uk/main/heat-pumps-information/a-guide-to-heat-pump-prices-in-2019/, Statement of Investment Principles of OVO Energy Group of the Electricity Supply Pension Scheme (SSE Hydro Section), Statement of Investment Principles of OVO Energy Group of the Electricity Supply Pension Scheme (SSE Section), Implementation Statement for 2019 DB Regulations. So lets plug that into the first equation. Study on the cracking mechanism of hydraulic and supercritical CO2 fracturing in hot dry rock under thermal stress. We provide you with a list of stored cookies on your computer in our domain so you can check what we stored. Establishing a domestic supply chain for lithium-based batteries requires a national commitment to both solving breakthrough scientific challenges for new materials and developing a manufacturing base that meets the demands of the growing electric vehicle and stationary grid storage markets. To update your cookie settings, please visit the. Geothermal wells are larger in diameter than wells drilled by all other industries, and they require specialised drilling practices. is conducive to the development of hot dry rock in China. The project used well network fracturing and U-shaped wells to extract the temperature from the dry hot rocks. Bibcode:2002E&PSL.19591A. And if youre reading this, you probably know what a geothermal heat pump is. Based on the literature review, in order to further understand the impact of resources, environment, market, exploration and development technology and effective utilization of technology on the future development of dry hot rocks in China, the following hypotheses are proposed, as shown in. To summarise, a geothermal heat pump is an efficient way to heat and cool your home. No. These experts have been working on geothermal energy for a long time and have a deep understanding of geothermal energy. https://eplanning.blm.gov/public_projects/1503166/200352542/20030633/250036832/Thacker%20Pass_FEIS_Chapters1-6_508.pdf, 5. Based on this, China's 2030 and 2060 Goals are proposed. Numerical evaluation of hot dry rock reservoir through stimulation and heat extraction using a three-dimensional anisotropic coupled THM model. 4.6kWh of energy use means running at 100% output for one hour, right? = (6 x 12000) 15.6= 4,615 watts ~ 4.6kW. Numerical simulation of rock breaking by PDC bit in hot dry rocks. Finally, the remaining warm water will be returned to the dry hot rock through injection wells, thus enabling energy recycling. At present, scholars both in home and abroad are studying the use of alternative water to extract the thermal energy contained in dry hot rocks, which will solve the problem of water use in the process. I am not sure, though, how to translate it into daily energy use (so I know how much it will draw from my solar energy production). Adapted from Geothermal Exchange Organization, Inc. (2010) Home Heating with GeoExchange. In terms of environmental factors, the maximum path coefficient between rock conditions and environmental factors is 0.607; The path coefficient between water resource factor and environmental factor is 0.594. Some outdated homes would require a furnace for the winter and air conditioning for the summer. Determining optimal electricity technology mix with high level of wind power penetration. In China, most of the existing studies related to dry hot rock are qualitative analyses. Geothermal Exchange Organization. Environmental factors include seismic problems, water availability, rock conditions and groundwater contamination. Cooling performance evaluation of impingement jet cooling passage on solid-state power amplifier in RF system, Distribution of metals and radionuclides in the lichens Cladonia rangiferina and C.mitis from the past uranium mining region of Elliot Lake, Ontario, Canada. Global demand for lithium is expected to increase by 500% by 2050 due to the widespread adoption of these technologies.1 Lithium is a crucial element in the clean energy supply chain; a reliable, diversified lithium supply is a top priority for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Renewable energy grid-connected power has volatility and uncertainty, and its permeability in power system is constantly increasing, which brings new challenges to power supply security [. Antifouling and anticorrosion behaviors of modified heat transfer surfaces with coatings in simulated hot-dry-rock geothermal water. Its principle is to analyze the relationship between variables based on covariance matrix. Experimental research on the rupture characteristics of fractures subsequently filled by magma and hydrothermal fluid in hot dry rock. However, the initial investment of dry hot rock is higher than the cost of wind and solar power generation, and the current immature technology leads to high initial power generation cost and weak market competitiveness. P3 I believe that China's artificial dry hot rock reservoir construction technology (hydraulic fracturing, chemical stimulation, etc.) Except, the figures just dont add up. The parameters of geothermal resource are assumed as follows: geothermal water temperature from production well: t g=110C, the mass flow rate of geothermal water: q m=250t/h, the environment temperature: t e = 28C, the organic fluid is R600a. Li Peng: Analyzed and interpreted the data; Contributed reagents, materials, analysis tools or data; Wrote the paper. Thacker Pass Lithium Mine Project. OurEERvalue is 15.6. There are a number of places on the planet where the temperature changes quite a bit faster though, and those locations are almost always where geothermal energy is the most viable. The basic idea behind geothermal energy is to tap into underground reservoirs of steam and hot water. 1) Are you seeking the equations for modeling heatpump and heat exchanger? 2) Flow rate depends of heat pump you use. So check the technical data o Can you connect solar panels directly to a battery? D3 I think dry hot rock will have a good development prospect in China. for the development of dry hot rock affects the development of dry hot rock in China. First, the tonnage or size of the system, and then its SEER. Most geothermal heat pumps use water to transfer the heat from the ground to your home. Direct-use geothermal energy here, geothermal heat from deep underground reservoirs is pumped directly into buildings or infrastructure, such as swimming pools or greenhouses. Hot dry rock is an emerging geothermal energy source with huge energy, its temperature is generally between 150 C650 C, and it is buried 310 km underground [. Hi I need formulas to cover the length of the pipe,length of borehole, the vertical and horizontal positioning, the capacity of the heat pump, etc. Salty groundwater is pumped to the surface and evaporates from large surface basins, leaving behind residual salts, including lithium. Finally, we looked at why geothermal heat pumps are efficient and use little electricity. The technology is relatively mature in the U.S., with wells drilled to depths of 4,390m and bottom hole temperature of 327 C in recent years [. Considering the shortage of exploration personnel in China, it is recommended to increase the efforts to train talents in resource exploration. At this point, its important to note that most GHPs have a capacity of 3 tons. This blueprint lays out five critical goals and key actions to guide federal agency collaboration to secure the nations long-term economic competitiveness and create good-paying jobs for American workers, while supporting the Biden Administrations decarbonization goals. At the end of the 20th century, Japanese wells were drilled to a depth of more than 2 km, with bottom hole temperature reaching about 250 C [. But how does it actually work? If you don't remember your password, you can reset it by entering your email address and clicking the Reset Password button. Please be aware that this might heavily reduce the functionality and appearance of our site. Enhanced geothermal system based on excavation technology: strategic transformation from mining to heat recovery. Pub. Under the DHRI, homeowners or landlords who install heat pumps can earn payments based on the amount of energy their heat pump generates. At least, for now that is. 2020. CSS10-10. Current and potential geothermal power plants are concentrated along the southeastern coastline of the Salton Sea, in southern California. The data obtained through the questionnaire will be analyzed by structural equation modeling to find out the main factors limiting the development of dry hot rock. Geothermal energy, however, presents a solutionquite literally. Please note that most of these values are averages. In 2014, China implemented its first dry thermal rock clean energy heating project in Qingdao. Thermal characteristics analysis with local thermal non-equilibrium model during liquid nitrogen jet fracturing for HDR reservoirs. The final result of the model is shown in, GFI refers to goodness of fit test or fitness test. How does the photovoltaic industry contribute to China's carbon neutrality goal? Injected fluid is heated by the rock and returned to the surface to generate electricity. In terms of research on dry hot rocks, China is in its infancy compared to other countries. Once your account is created, you'll be logged-in to this account. Many companies purchase renewable energy as part of their environmental programs. In summary, environment, market, and exploration and development technology have a direct influence on dry hot rocks. Based on the above analysis results, the following suggestions are proposed: In terms of environmental factors, China is a water-scarce country, and the hydraulic fracturing technology used in the development of dry hot rocks and the heat exchange process of water rocks require large quantities of water resources. Or a 95 day? [6], Figure 3. Geothermal energy reaches the surface of the Earth by water or steam. Capital costs for conventional geothermal power plants in the U.S. are approximately $2,500 per installed kilowatt of capacity. At present, most articles on dry hot rock focus on single factors affecting the development of dry hot rock, such as technology. Flash steam power plants pump hot water under high pressure into a surface tank at much lower pressure. Below, you will find a short yet comprehensive guide on how much electricity a GHP uses. In contrast, combustion furnaces use 4 units of input energy to get 4 units of heat energy out. Btu stands for British thermal units and describes the capacity of AC units and heat pumps. Note that blocking some types of cookies may impact your experience on our websites and the services we are able to offer. From 20 to 69 years old, the samples were divided into five gradients. U4 I think the problem of dry hot rock power grid connection (volatility, uncertainty) is an important factor affecting the effective utilization of dry hot rock. Its made up of layers that get hotter and hotter as you go down. The calculation to determine your geothermal heat pump electrical usage is easy: If you multiply your total wattage by the electricity rate, you see the operation cost of the system. Exergy analysis of heat extraction from hot dry rock by enclosed Water recycling in a horizontal Well. Greenhouse gases are growing rapidly with CO. The Wikipedia uses a value of 3.0 W/ (m K) for the thermal conductivity of the continental granite. Current situation and trend analysis of dry hot rock development and utilization. Dry hot rock, a renewable geothermal resource, contains a lot of energy. Dieter, C., et al. July 11, You are free to opt out any time or opt in for other cookies to get a better experience. Geothermal energy is the thermal energy in the Earth's crust which originates from the formation of the planet and from radioactive decay of materials in currently uncertain Binary cycle power plants feature geothermal water and a working fluid that are confined to separate circulating systems, or closed loops. A heat exchanger transfers heat from the water to the working fluid, causing it to flash to steam, which then powers the turbine/generator to produce electricity. How Much Electricity Does A Geothermal Heat Pump Use? Comparison of geothermal with solar and wind power generation systems. U.S. EIA (2022) Annual Energy Outlook 2022. International Renewable Energy Agency (2022) Dashboard - Capacity and Generation. Have you ever been to a geothermal hot spring? China has become the world's largest carbon emitter since 2006 [. National Academies Press. Ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems, also known as shallow geothermal energy systems, utilise the ground as a heat source and heat sink to provide building thermal comfort and industrial processing heat (Johnston et al., 2011, Brandl, 2016).The systems consist of a building distribution circuit, a GSHP, and ground heat exchangers (GHEs) typically built in purposely drilled The challenge of hot dry rock drilling and completion, and technology outlook. Thats equal to 5.65 tons of capacity. These cookies are strictly necessary to provide you with services available through our website and to use some of its features. Instead, the ground warms the water in the GHPs system, which stays at a steady 45F (7C) to 75F (21C). https://ec.europa.eu/environment/topics/waste-and-recycling/mining-waste_en, 6. Thats where weve stepped in. To make obtained data more realistic and reliable to reflect the real situation, a combination of methods was applied to design the questionnaire. It may be because although China is still in the initial stage of exploration and development technology, foreign technology development in this area has been very mature. (2012) Induced Seismicity Potential in Energy Technologies. According to the path diagram in. warm your house in winter, keep it cool in summer. In the near-term, DOE investments will align with those of other federal agencies and offices to put domestic lithium on the market, more renewable energy on the grid, and guide the U.S. toward a future where we can support our burgeoning renewable economy with the resources it needs to succeed. In order to combat climate change, China proposed a dual carbon target in 2020. This means drilling underground wells of up to a mile deep, and then harnessing the heat to drive turbines and generate electricity. U.S. Bureau of Land Management. Instead of using electricity togenerateheat, ittransfersheat from one source to another. Want to learn more? But wait, notice how this formula requires the EER value? Due to security reasons we are not able to show or modify cookies from other domains. As given by Prof. K.Sahraoui. Heat is the transfer of kinetic energy from an energy source to a medium or from one medium or object to another medium or object. Although the development of geothermal power requires a large capital investment, geothermal has low operating costs and a capacity factor of >90% (ratio of actual power production to production potential). Heat is one of the important components of phase changes associated with work and energy. The samples were mainly concentrated in 3049 years old, accounting for 74.28%, among which, 3039 years old accounted for 45.71%, and 4049 years old accounted for 28.57%. Resources will affect exploration and development technology (P = 0.019), and effective use of technology will affect environment (P = ( means that the value is too small and the software does not show the figure)), and market (P = ( means that the value is too small and the software does not show the figure)). However, the influencing factors of dry hot rock development are still unclear. In freezing climates, GHPs use anti-freeze liquid in their system. Finally, the questionnaires are subjected to a reliability credibility test and validity analysis to remove the non-conforming items, and the structural equation model was constructed to analyze the data. This means youll need a decent amount of space and then you need to do a lot of digging! Lithium Data Sheet: Mineral Commodity Summaries 2020. https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2020/mcs2020-lithium.pdf. (China's 2030 and 2060 Goals). Geothermal energy is derived from the natural heat of the earth.1 It exists in both high enthalpy (volcanoes, geysers) and low enthalpy forms (heat stored in rocks in the Earths crust). But the idea of harnessing geothermal warmth goes back much further with the Lardarello region known for its hot springs since at least the Roman times. Geothermal energy is produced during the slow decay of radioactive elements in the earths core. Geothermal energy is produced during the slow decay of radioactive elements in the earths core. To do that, we can look at this simple equation: Since theaverage American home is 2,261 square feet, youll need 67,830 Btu. Therefore, we hope that the departments will further study and explore corrosion and fouling of pipes and heat exchangers. Geothermal Energy in itself acts similar to that of a perpetual heat engine much like a sterling engine. And the respondents include experts related to geothermal energy from universities and research institutions. In order to reduce emissions effectively, clean energy must be used to replace the traditional fossil energy.

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