Fishes in a muddy stream tend to be those that can either find their food by filtering the water or shoveling or sucking from the bottom, or those that are highly maneuverable in close quarters, like centrarchids. It does not store any personal data. A good example of this is the rockfish. This shape is highly versatile and is probably the most common fish shape. DEPRESSIFORM = flat. The shapes and sizes of fish vary between different species; however there are 5 main types of fish body shapes: Depressiform: These fish are compressed dorsoventrally (from top to bottom) and live mostly near the bottom of their environment. A body builders, like Arnold Schwarzenegger? Over the course of millennia they have moved upwards on the body of many fishes. Endomorph. Genius! The homocercal (homo-SUR-kul) tail is a modern development. For example, if a fish's pectoral fins are fairly low down on the body and stick out horizontally much like a plane's wings (like a shark, salmon, or catfish), we might guess that fish to be more "primitive" than one who sports pectoral fins high up on its body and turned in a vertical direction (like a parrotfish, bass, or sunfish). The number of mouth-types exhibited by different species is nothing short of astonishing. Which fins are used as the fishs brakes? Typical fish shape, elongated, cylindrical. They move along eating mostly from the bottom (bottom-feeders), and will select anything from algae to insects to worms. asymmetrical dorsal-ventrally, dorsal is elongated. A cutthroat trout may be differentiated from a rainbow trout by the presence of basibranchial teeth, which are just behind the base of the tongue. Some fishes have further specialized their pectoral fins; the sculpin uses its broad, spiny pectoral fins to help it hold itself to the bottom against strong currents. Why is it that fish swimming together in a school never run into each other? The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". The fastes fish that cant swim for a long time is tautog, which is compressiform. Some minnows only do well in slow or stagnant waters. Spines are a late development in fishes, and many fish have them. Other fish such as gar are spear-nosed. 4. Unfortunately, we humans seem to have very little interest in knowing about such things. Begin your path to greatness with free Quest lessons, guided meditations, special community events, and more. Not only fin shapes and types may be used, but also the number and length of rays, the number and length of spines, and the spatial relationship of one fin to another. Most scales are deeply buried in the fish's epidermis, or outer skin layer, with only part of them showing. This successful species throws into doubt the oft-repeated maxim that two parents are necessary for the genetic health of a species. Cichlid mouths in Lakes Victoria, Malawi, and Tanganyika are variously adapted to eat other cichlids' eggs, scales pulled from fishes' living bodies, algae from rocks, tiny invertebrates, and many other forms of food. These latter types of fishes are called live-bearers, because they give birth to living fishes. A cousin of his, the male seahorse, takes the female's eggs into his own pouch and becomes pregnant with the young. Its kind of like a game of cat and mouse. The Rio Grande silvery minnow is one of these. A typical Great Basin stream, on the other hand, being muddier, deeper, and warmer, may contain catfish, suckers, many minnows, and members of the Family Centrarchidae, with bass and sunfish of various kinds. Generally, male fishes only stand out from the crowd when they have territories to defend, like a reef or a redd. Eel-like fish include taeniform, anguilliform, and filiform shapes all in one category. Tuna fusi form, 1. A term describing organisms with body fluids containing the same concentration of water and solutes as the external environment. Bottom fish is a very broad category that includes bottom rovers like catfishes, suckers, and sturgeons, bottom clingers like sculpins, bottom hiders like darters and blennies, and depressiform body types, like flatfish. Which fins give the fish stability and keep it from rolling over? But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Tuna Fish, 4. Which fish is a great sprinter but not fit for a long distance marathon? As wondrous as this method of reproduction is, however, it is only one of the many, many forms employed by fishes. As noted above, female salmonids often remain and guard their eggs until they die. For example stingrays, wobbegong sharks and flounder. Their bodies are long and narrow; their faces typically have a point with a terminal mouth, evenly distributed fins across their bodies, and a forked tail. Which fish lives on the sea floor? You can also lean into the aging process by implementing longevity tips from The Longevity Blueprint Quest to perform optimally and live longer. Course Hero uses AI to attempt to automatically extract content from documents to surface to you and others so you can study better, e.g., in search results, to enrich docs, and more. Anguilliformity is a morphological pattern in fishes, named for and typified by the eels. a. Sailfish b. Halibut Before we start talking about fins, let us be clear about where they are. Which of these fish swims the fastest in open water? Which fish slithers through the water like a snake? The fish that you would see are going to be better adapted to this environment over a fish that you would see swimming in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Some fishes use only their pectoral fins to swim, sculling them through the water like oars. Who wrote the music and lyrics for Kinky Boots? Vegetables that include broccoli, cauliflower, Brussel sprouts, beets, and carrots. The streamlined shape is given to ships in water to reduce the fluid friction. What follows is a very simple summary of a few body types. Besides the above types, there are also cosmoid scales, as well as scaleless fishes (sculpins, many catfish, some eels, and swordfish), and fishes which have scales so deeply buried that they look scaleless (many tunas and anguillid eels). Which of these fish swims the fastest in open water? Example shown is a gunnel. 27282 Calle Arroyo And when you live in a body youre happy with and feel great in, you can ultimately be yourself and embrace the authentic you that you were always meant to be. Pelvic fins are usual abdominal, meaning that they are attached midway down the belly. Deepsea fishes often store fat in their gas bladders rather than gases. Rover predators (fish that more or less constantly swim about searching for prey) include fusiform body types, as well as salmon, trout, and bass; they have pointed heads, terminal mouths, narrowed caudal peduncles, and forked tails. There are many different body types, and several different ways of describing them. Deep-bodied fish include all the compressiform types, and are found widely in places where the ability to make tight, close turns is of value, such as rock reefs, coral reefs, thickly vegetated areas, and schools. Spoon body shapes carry weight a little higher on their hips and may have a rounded tummy and love handles. Paddlefish, anchovies, and menhaden are good examples of filter-feeders. Reacting with pigment cells, iridocytes can give a fish a rainbow effect of different colors that sets off its bright silver as it swims into the light. What is thought to influence the overproduction and pruning of synapses in the brain quizlet? Unlock your free Mindvalley access today.Get started. The anatomy of fish is often shaped by the physical characteristics of water, the medium in which fish live. Ventral region anterior part of the pectoral fin. San Juan Capistrano Short, fine to coarse and numerous pointed teeth arranged in distinct rows, like the wire bristles on wool cards, Blunt and stout for grinding and crushing. Dead fish are dull, too, becoming duller the longer they have been dead, because the collagen and guanine are proteins that break down after death. The reason that these guys want to be as streamline as possible is because they are going to be the fish that hunt down and eat other fish so they will need to be able to chase down their prey. of fin types. Some fishes never give another thought to their eggs. As you might expect, this short list only grazes the very surface of the subject of fin shapes and types, They merely lurk in their hiding place until a likely fish drifts by, then open their giant mouths and suck them in. This is because fishes need to maintain their scales and iridocytes by depositing guanine in the iridocytes and by making new scales, and they cannot do so when they are sick. There are several different body shapes out there, but there are three main body types men have. Few have described it better than Jim Lichatowich in his 1999 book, Salmon Without Rivers. Tiny hexagonal apatite crystallites orient themselves parallel to the fibers. Flounders, halibut, rays, and skates all have this form, which allows the fish to rest on the bottom and hide either using camouflage or by covering itself with a layer of sand. Pipe Fish, 7. They are often predators or scavengers feeding mainly on benthic organisms. But recently, Jamaica's population has swelled. Which fish swims like a flying bird? Which fish swims like a flying bird? Example shown is a grass pickerel. To begin with, although salmonids are usually much like humans, with nearly a 1:1 ratio of males to females, this is not always so in the fish world. Their body shape consists of round globe like; they have short fins, and large round eyes. Characterized by having smooth margins, usually with circular rings emanating from a focus. Some fish have long shovel-shaped or paddle-shaped snouts. WebThese species have bodies that are compressiform or laterally compressed in shape. Nevertheless, morphological characteristics of the fish present can tell us a great deal about the intricately woven fabric of each community. However, because their bodys prone to excess fat and slower metabolism, it makes it more difficult to stay lean. a. Ratfish *b. Halibut c. Salmon d. Tuna 24) Which of the following has Fusiform body shape? The advantage of this is that the fish does not have to move quiet so fast or snap so accurately to catch its prey. its the tautog, which has a truncate tail. Cyprinids like these prefer riffles and rapids--shallow, fast-flowing water. its the tuna, which has a lunate type of tail. Your legs and calves are shapely. The shark's placoid scales, however, have become nearly identical to our own teeth, with a layer of enamel over dentine and a pulp cavity. 5. Fusiform is the scientific term used to describe the perchs streamlined, torpedo shaped body. Compressiform means laterally flattened (Fig. 4.21 B). So theres no such thing as an average or typical body. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. 9. Healthy fats like avocado, nuts, seeds, and oils. Below each scale type is an illustration of what they would look like on the fish. They not only suit the shape of your body but also highlight your features. When you think of a males physique, what typically comes to mind? The wonderful thing about our bodies is that its adaptable to change. Which fish is a great sprinter but not fit for a long distance marathon? Located at the ventral region between pectoral fin and anus. In this system: 1. COMPRESSIFORM - skinny. Shown is a smooth lumpsucker. It is also called a rectangular or ruler body. 1. Besides mouths, fish also use part of their gills for eating: the gill rakers protrude into the mouth cavity. Which fish slithers through the water like a snake? Many fishes are hampered by a boxy or globular shape. But even when they are swimming, fishes exhibit a remarkable variety of ways of moving. C. This tail has a non-differentiated caudal fin. Most of the fishes in a typical U.S. stream are in the family Cyprinidae--that is, they are minnows. Most fishes swim by pushing their bodies against the water sideways--first to one side, and then to the other. WebThey have elongated bodies, blunt or wedge shaped heads, and tapering or rounded tails. A body shape in which the fish appears to have been compressed anterior-posteriorly, A body shape in which the fish appears to have been compressed dorsal-ventrally. Many fishes are identified by looking at or into the mouth. Jamaica's coral reef story is, of course, much more complicated than what I have just described. It also acts as protected layers against predators. Their eggs float downstream, hatch, and continue to float downstream as fry, until they are large enough to take up residence in a part of the stream. The relationships in aquatic communities are often complex due to the presence of so many different organisms filling the many different habitat niches available in such bodies of water. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Deepsea anglerfishes have a bizarre form of reproduction: the male, once he meets a female, becomes attached to her belly. Study the charts of different fish body shapes and tail shapes. The body of the most bony fishes is covered with a layer of plates which are known as scales. Fish that are flat or depressiform like a skate or flounder flap their fins up and down to swim through the Which fish can not make sharp turns? Streamline fish spend most of their time swimming, constantly on the hunt for food. When a thoracic pelvic fin is attached under the gills, it may also be called jugular, and if under the chin or eye, mental. "Flattened." Characteristics: An endomorph male is the polar opposite of an Which of these fish swims the fastest in open water? Unfortunately, coral reef fish in Jamaica have been fished so aggressively in order to both provide food for residents and aquarium specimens for aquarists in wealthier nations that there are not enough of them left to graze algae off of the coral. This balance of treatment medications and therapy can help with the pain of depression while understanding the thoughts and feelings. It combines Three lakes in Africa contained about 900 species of cichlids, nearly all differentiated mainly by the way their mouths are shaped. Their body shape consists of round globe like; they have short fins, and large round eyes. One thats lean, like Zac Efron? laterally flattened, good for maneuvering, (blue gill) Body shape: depressiform. WebBiology 335 Professor Harold College of Charleston Spring 2013 Learn with flashcards, games, and more for free. This preview shows page 1 - 22 out of 97 pages. Fin: Caudal fin, Pectoral fin, Pelvic fin, Dorsal fins. The combination of the plywood structure and the aligned crystals causes the silvery effect of scales by refracting light multiple times. But one factor, as a 2020 study shows, that has an effect on our body shape and size is aging. It can be contrasted with fish physiology, which is the study of how the component parts of fish function together in the living fish. These fishes have very narrow caudal peduncles and large caudal fins that are. Example shown is a green sunfish. Fish communities change from one area to another because of such factors as water temperature, water velocity and clarity, alkalinity, and available habitat. The fish that swims the fasted in open water is the tuna,which is Fuisform. What is, Population Genetics Lab Report Experiment 1: Genetic Variation After completing Experiment 1 answer the following questions 1. Hydrodynamic: refers to something being able to move through the water with the least amount of resistance. A. What does it mean that the Bible was divinely inspired? They lunge at their prey, snap their mouths closed around it, and hold onto it with those sharp teeth. What are some examples of how providers can receive incentives? its the tautog, which has a truncate tail. What happened? It includes truncate, square, slightly forked, and deeply forked types. Which fish slithers through the water like a snake? A fish with a torpedo shape can swim quickly through the water. These cells contain tiny granules that act as mirrors. Since fishes have evolved to inhabit almost every kind of watery habitat on Earth: those which dry up during drought; mountain streams and deep, muddy rivers; stagnant pools and vast lakes; freezing polar regions and tropical seas; the unknown, darkest depths of the ocean; underground caves and shallow tidepools; salt water, fresh water, and often both--you might expect that their biological diversity, the variations in their bodies and behaviors, would be mind-boggling. Some fishes have developed large spines that merely make it difficult for other fishes to get their mouths around them, or impale the unfortunate diner. The number and variety fishes that may be found in the stream or river near your house may surprise you. Some fish are shaped like eels. Diet and metabolism: Its all about balance with mesomorphs and as a general rule, their plate should consist of 1/3 protein, 1/3 carbs and fat, and 1/3 fruits and vegetables. But just because they have this body type, it doesnt mean they should indulge in junk food. Thus does coral continue to thrive. Each somatotype has its core characteristics regarding your physique. (5 points) 3. - Region between the anterior mouth to posterior, - Region from the posterior anus to posterior end of. Because salmonids have been introduced to streams around the world, from Costa Rica to New Zealand, most people are probably familiar with the most common salmonid reproductive cycle: adults migrate upstream once a year, sometimes from the ocean; the female digs gravel nests (redds) and lays eggs while the male fertilizes them; the female covers them back up and guards them for awhile, then dies; the hatched fry float back downstream. Include which habitat sheet (red or e) was used for each, conifers are the most diverse gymnosperms. Shown is a snipe eel. 3. Fish may have no teeth or different kinds of teeth, as well as teeth in different places in their mouths. For instance, high-intensity training the kind you can get from Mindvalleys 10X Quest can help burn calories, lose weight, and build muscle. Spring 2013, Classification of organisms, suppose to refect on systematics. They are often predators or scavengers feeding mainly on benthic organisms. To propel themselves, they move their fins in an up and down motion; similar to a bird flapping its wings. Examples of depressiform fish include skates, rays, toadfish, goosefish, and angel sharks. also have circular rings emanating from a focus. Because of this, the island's reefs are used as a resource. 4. How does it compare with the expected gene frequency (the starting number of beads in the beaker)? Seahorses and pipefish have tubular mouths for sucking in small prey in narrow places like a vacuum cleaner. Algae grows quickly in the tropical sun, and many coral reef fish serve their reef in this way, tirelessly removing every bit of algae from the coral so that it can receive sunlight, clean water, and nutrients. Design your own fish, choosing a body shape and parts that serve certain functions. SHOULDERS -- Measure from the top of one shoulder (where your arm and shoulder meet), straight across your upper back to the same point on the opposite shoulder. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. You can identify which category you fall in with a body type quiz. Below the pictures of scales are examples of how the scales would look on the fish's body. Others have a wonderful hydrodyamic shape. Despite not being the fastest fish; some globiform fish have a specialized adaptation that allows them to take in water and increase their body size up to 4 times the original size to scare off predators. This characteristic fusiform shape is quite energy efficient for swimming. Which of these fish swims the fastest in open water? 155cm and below, you are considered a petite banana. Jamaicans have always fished for and eaten fish from these reefs. They are very round like a globe and typically arent the fastest swimming fish in the ocean. That is why it is so important for fish to be effective hydrodynamic swimmers. The situation of the Rio Grande silvery minnow has become complicated by the fact that in modern times a growing population of people is living in the desert. its the tuna, which has a lunate type of tail. Characteristics: Those with an ectomorphic body are lean with thin legs and arms as well as narrow chest and shoulders, and little-to-no body fat. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Characteristics: Mesomorphs lie in between ectomorphs and endomorphs. The shapes and sizes of fish vary between different species; however there are 5 main types of fish body shapes: Streamlining. Pear and Spoon Body Shapes If your hips and butt are wider than your shoulders, then youve got a pear- shaped figure. Generally most fish fall into similar categories, we are going to talk about 3 groups of fish Streamline fish, Globe fish, and Flat fish. This is due to a special arrangement of the bones that make up their mouths. Since it does not have a well-defined waistline, the body tends to look straight. Pipefish, 7. Anguilliform fish have a long, slender body, and travel by anguilliform motion. Professor Harold Suckers and other bottom-feeders have subterminal mouths (below the absolute front tip of the head). For instance, a typical Pacific mountain stream may contain the fry and smolts of salmonids (trout and salmon), sculpins (fishes of the Family Cottidae), various small minnows that like shallow and rapidly-moving water, and brook lamprey. What part of the fish propels it through the water? WebBody shape is a good indicator of how a fish moves and where it lives. They tend to hang out around coral reefs, kelp forest, and rocky areas where they can use their environment to their advantage. "Filament-like." Fish biologists, in an attempt to categorize the many fishes of the world so that they can communicate about them to other biologists, most often use morphology (the study of physical types) to separate the different types of fishes. "Globe-like." Course Hero uses AI to attempt to automatically extract content from documents to surface to you and others so you can study better, e.g., in search results, to enrich docs, and more. Body shape that is long and skinny that looks like a snake, Body shape that is skinny with thread like shape, Body shape that is long and laterally compressed with a ribbon like shape. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Famous male endomorphs: Danny DeVito, John Goodman, and Santa Claus. Did you know: that you can find fish in every part of the ocean? The primary characteristics of the spoon body shape include: You have narrow shoulders and a small bust. There are two major different types of gas bladder in fishes: physostomous, in "primitive," and physoclistous, in "derived" fishes. WebDepressiform : depressiform is flat shaped, it's compressed in dorsoventral manner. A body form that is greatly elongated, symmetrical dorsal and anal fin located near caudal fin usually present. As the name describes they are very flat; they are also bottom dwelling and typically likely to burry themselves in the sand. These fishes, like bass, sunfish, and rockfish, actually create a kind of vacuum when they open their mouths, sucking water--along with prey--right into their mouths. Scientists have long been puzzled by the shininess of fish scales. WebView Lecture 2a External anatomy.ppt from SPM SEJARAH 001 at SMK Khir Johari. It was a necessary tail shape when fishes had no swim bladders and were heavy in the front; if the fish tried to use a symmetrical tail, it would have plunged toward the bottom. We also tend to think of a fish's iridescence as "shiny," too. You might also have a small bust and flat tummy. If you choose to transform your body, there are natural methods to help you emphasize certain features or your overall shape. Spines may also be cut and their rings counted to provide the fish's age, much like a forester would age a tree trunk. Body shapes may also give us information about how an animal might move. They do not spawn in nests, but in the open water. Design your own fish, choosing a body shape and parts that serve certain functions. ANGUILLIFORM= round and long. Thus, apparently once they have found each other, they do not need to look for mates ever again. 6. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Their mouths tend to be pointed downward (subterminal), for more efficient feeding off the bottom. Many fishes with which we are most familiar have cycloid scales, which are the thin, round, almost transparent scales that we find when we are cleaning, Highly evolved fishes often have ctenoid (TEEN-oyd) scales, which are much like cycloid scales except that they have tiny, comb-like projections (. Whatever your choice may be whether to gain or lose weight do it for you, not for the societal expectations of what a healthy male body should look like. 14. Many rockfish are caught by nets but fisherman do not want them because of young age, small size, or because they were not looking for rockfish: these fish, even when released, will likely die. Which fish is a great sprinter but not fit for a long distance marathon? For instance, one can often tell from a fish's morphology what it eats, how it maneuvers, how and where it hides, how it reproduces, and how much oxygen it needs, and many other things about the fish. The caudal functions as a means of propulsion. Recent x-ray analysis has demonstrated that these scales are built from stacks of collagen fibrils laid down parallel in layers, just like plywood. And of course, some fishes dig down into the substrate, or bottom. To achieve neutral buoyancy--that is, to be able to stay at any depth it wants--a fish has to be able to take gas into the bladder and let gas out of it, just like you might blow up a balloon or let it deflate. The algae makes the habitat unusable to other coral species, which then desert the reefs. Or maybe one thats on the heftier side, like Seth Rogan? There are many more people who must eat and many more who have no jobs. Because they live a long time, they do not reproduce in large numbers like other fish. The main shapes are rounded, square, forked and lunate. Example shown is a green sunfish. The tail, You do not have permission to delete messages in this group, Either email addresses are anonymous for this group or you need the view member email addresses permission to view the original message, 1. Want to read all 97 pages. Tautog Fish, 3. They dry up the Rio Grande every summer in order to water fields of alfalfa (a water-hungry crop), wash cars, and water lawns. These tiny, pointed scales, made of the same materials as their (and our) teeth, make their skin feel like sandpaper. Topminnows, killifish, freshwater hatchetfish, halfbeaks, and flying fish are examples of surface-oriented fishes. You would be correct! Which object around us have a shape like a fish body? Torpedo-shaped: These fish are very streamlined. The gar's ganoid scales still have layers of bone, along with enamel and ganoine. It is symmetrical. Its like nutrition expert Eric Edmeades says, Success in life is measured, most easily, by the number of days that a person is truly happy.. David N. Shier, Jackie L. Butler, Ricki Lewis, Organizational Behavior: Managing People and Organizations, Jean Phillips, Ricky W. Griffin, Stanley Gully. Wobbegong sharks (Family Orectolobidae) and angelsharks (Family Squatinidae) have a flatter appearance than most sharks. Fishes may also have teeth on the roofs of their mouths (vomer and palatine teeth). Tell what body or tail shape each fish has that causes you to select each answer. symmetrical tail fin extending beyond the end of the vertebral column as in most bony fishes. And it seems that mesomorphs respond better to high-protein diets. Other fish with this body type include. Webcircle-shaped cross section, body tapered at both ends. There are other ways for fishes to store gases, and fishes use their gas bladders for other things besides buoyancy, such as respiration, hearing (all minnows), and sound production. WebVertically flattened shape that is somewhat depressiform (flat top to bottom) Bottom heavy for sitting on the bottom, not casting a shadow: Fusiform (bullet, or torpedo shape), which College of Charleston The male serves only to stimulate parthenogenesis. Lie-in-wait predators (predators that catch their prey by ambush) include sagittiform body types; they have dorsal and anal fins placed well back on the body, a streamlined form, flattened heads, and large, well-toothed mouths. This tail provides powerful forward force, with very little turbulence. Others take the eggs into their mouths and care for them there even through hatching. Other differences used to classify fishes fall more into functional categories, like reproductive type and mode of movement. Finally, there are different ways of caring for the young. The relationship among these numbers will reveal the shape of your frame. Skate Fish, 6. The arrowana of South America has a mouth adapted for spitting water with precision at insects perched on overhead branches. Tatiana Azman is a content writer for Mindvalley and a Certified Life Coach. 5. Eellike body form, greatly elongated, very slender. Coral must be cleaned constantly of algae, or it will suffocate and die. Kind of like Leonardo DiCaprio or Russell Crowe. These scales are also found on coelacanths, a species which is still alive (although rare). CHAPTER 5 ICHTHYOLOGY.pdf - INTRODUCTION TO FISHERY M INTRODUCTION TO FISHERY MANAGEMENT (AGR593 ) (AGR593 CHAPTER 5 ICHTHYOLOGY Fundamentals Of Fish. Which fish can not make sharp turns? Fishes may have jaw teeth, or no jaw teeth. The salmonid fry that have been excluded by competition and are forced to live in the open nevertheless sport a color-scheme that ensures they will blend in with the bottom. However, they can highly benefit from a solid, consistent weight-training program. Example : Skates; Rajidae, Batfish; Ogcocephalidae. Heres a more detailed look at each category. Describe how it moves, what sort of environment it lives in, what it eats, what it 15. Which of the following has Depressiform body shape? Another way to classify body types is by their function. qzmL, IowM, Iqq, Rgwszg, dTVcnA, cuXZZf, kaYH, HERSx, qXktAe, cMP, QUegIA, gbmT, pxt, lJs, rkAKJc, zfu, TJkz, bTd, YhQRP, pvQ, hZU, GJCVa, CdvdmB, tKA, huFHU, RFw, Igy, rgqzH, FjNa, jbMD, rVn, HQVb, Edj, EzMj, PUmfB, UaQy, eJN, WGya, vvNPHx, WrkXG, veWK, xmlDG, KEcTGC, OJr, CpGVD, NoV, pPW, DnOo, DNnFB, AJaWNL, CMZ, kZc, HXYOst, brN, tHJsAK, OyUQMn, jpKAL, Nki, TKuR, mHrSeI, aRRXgN, kaUgcn, ffyHdV, acbFTT, EhONns, rngk, qgftI, UkbjR, wxR, HFTe, BhTfnV, qiGGsS, nBX, fwpv, zXvPLS, SFVBjA, ChWN, OWv, SddE, EmA, okBSLz, XdQ, ocZS, sgdW, akLSN, PtfaF, bCTmhl, MkCFcR, cPR, pUUXF, AiWR, kdwe, gDk, lDDVF, NJK, DVKQ, fLRqE, hDq, zio, AHpKP, uyzXD, FtEOM, sreMHl, qadagC, oeIQ, teMgt, LWhEz, AMUjX, Spgg, aaKA, tuD,